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The 2024 US presidential election is proving to be . It has already been marked by two assassination on the former president and Republican candidate, Donald Trump.

The Trump campaign has repeatedly that rhetoric from Kamala Harris prompted the assassination attempts earlier this year, although there is no evidence to support this. But Trump has also ratcheted up the atmosphere with his rhetoric naming the Democrats as .

Warnings about what might happen on election day are increasingly being made public. In the past few days, US intelligence experts of extremists targeting election officials and seeking to disrupt the vote.

Across the country, there have been a number of reports of violence against officials managing the election, and against voting equipment. Such incidents are prompting worries about voters being scared to go to , and heightening .

In Arizona, one of the key swing states in this year’s election, the Democratic party was forced to close its office in Phoenix after it had been shot at three times during September and October. A 60-year-old man, Jeffrey Michael Kelly, was and charged with terrorism-related offences after allegedly having more than 120 guns and more than 250,000 rounds of ammunition in his home.

Last week, Nicholas Farley, 30, was in Florida for shouting antisemitic and racial slurs at a woman who was campaigning outside an early voting site in Loxahatchee in Palm Beach County. Farley faces up to ten years in prison if found guilty on charges of voter intimidation and election interference.

Some ballot boxes have been set on fire.

There have also been incidents of ballot boxes being deliberately destroyed or damaged. In Portland, Oregon, ballot boxes were the targets of arson, according to . Hundreds more ballots were damaged in another in Washington state.

In both cases, it has been reported that devices used to start the fires had “Free Gaza” written on them, and that the device in Washington also had “Free Palestine” on it. According to , police are trying to determine whether the perpetrator was a pro-Palestinian activist, or someone trying to raise tension in what is already a heated political campaign.

Election staff fearful

While most ballots will be cast peacefully, officials who experienced threats and violence in 2020 and 2022 have taken to ensure their own safety. This includes performing drills with local law enforcement and liaising with the Committee for Safe and Secure Elections, experts in law enforcement and employee protection.

In Georgia, another swing state, election workers have been issued with emergency panic buttons because of there. Since 2020, 17 states have increased protection for polling station workers and other election officials.

In his to the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration in March, Isaac Cramer, executive director of South Carolina’s Charleston County board of voter registration and elections, said the nation’s “polling places have become battlegrounds for disruptive elements seeking to undermine the electoral process”.

Cramer that in the June 2022 primaries in South Carolina, poll managers were harassed and accused of breaking the law by a local group of individuals. He cited social media posts by the same group that labelled “good people who were simply carrying out their civic duty to help our democracy function as ‘enemies’”.

Some social media users were discussing how to destroy ballot boxes and encouraging sabotage, according to a from the Department of Homeland Security, obtained by the non-partisan group Property of the People. It claimed that “election infrastructure remains an attractive target for some domestic violent extremists”, particularly those “with election-related grievances who seek to disrupt the democratic process and election operations”.

Other potential targets included party candidates, elected officials, election workers in states, members of the media reporting on the election, and judges involved in cases connected to the election.

Ninety-two percent of election officials state they have taken more steps to ensure not only staff security but the integrity of the impending election than they had done in the past, according to a Brennan Center for Justice .

Post-election violence?

Concerns about election-related violence will not end on November 5. Many voters in swing states claim they are concerned about violence after the election too.

Around 57% of voters said they were concerned that Trump supporters might turn to violence if he loses the election, according to a Washington Post-Schar School conducted in the first half of October. And in a recent Times YouGov , 27% of the American adults surveyed believed violence was very or somewhat likely after the polls close. Around 12% claimed to know someone who might take up arms if they felt that Trump had been “cheated” of victory, while 5% said they knew someone who would do the same if Harris claimed a corrupt election.

If what little trust in the US’s political institutions is to remain, a peaceful is essential – to begin the process of national healing after the last near-decade of spiteful and vindictive politicking. The upswing of violent attacks in the weeks before the election suggests this may not be easy to achieve.

, Teaching Fellow in International Security,

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